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Marine sanctuaries are invaluable underwater ecosystems that safeguard the habitats of a wide array of aquatic species. These sanctuaries play a crucial role in protecting species facing the threat of extinction, serving as analogous safe havens to the national parks on land. Discover the captivating diversity of marine sanctuaries in India, where endangered turtles find protected breeding grounds, vibrant and diverse coral reefs thrive, and a rich underwater world teeming with life flourishes.
Situated in Wandoor, just 30 km from the capital city of Port Blair, this marine national park was established in 1983. The park in Andaman and Nicobar encompasses 15 stunning islands and spans 281.50 sq km, with 220 sq. km extending into territorial seawater. A visit to these islands promises encounters with sandy beaches, winding creeks, thriving mangrove and tropical forests, and an array of marine life. Prepare to be mesmerised by the vibrant corals, diverse fish species, intricate molluscs, elegant shells, graceful starfish, and majestic saltwater crocodiles. The park is also a sanctuary for various bird species, including the magnificent White-Bellied Sea Eagle, the charming Andaman Teal, the graceful Reef Heron, and the elegant Terns. For those seeking an unforgettable experience, authorised tour operators offer boat excursions to the enchanting Jolly Buoy and Redskin islands, serving as the perfect finale for your marine adventure.
Bhitarkanika, a sanctuary and national park, is home to a diverse mangrove ecosystem. Within the Bhirtarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary lies the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary, known for hosting the world's largest nesting ground of Olive Ridley turtles. The beach at Gahirmatha has been a vital habitat for adult sea turtles and their offspring for centuries. Annually, from January to March, Olive Ridley turtles visit this beach twice to lay eggs, making it a globally significant nesting site for turtles. Notably, it is the sole marine sanctuary in Orissa. In 1997, the Government of Odisha designated the area as the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary, acknowledging its ecological importance and rich floral and faunal diversity.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GoMBR) in Tamil Nadu is a stunning natural sanctuary located along the southeastern coast of India, stretching between the Thoothukudi and Ramanathapuram districts. This extraordinary marine environment, officially established on February 18, 1989, through a collaborative declaration by the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu, stands as a testament to the remarkable biodiversity of our planet. Recognised and supported by UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme, GoMBR spans an impressive 10,500 square kilometres and encompasses 21 islands and their vibrant coral reefs, making it a true gem of India's ecological diversity. Housing an astounding 117 species of corals, 450 species of fish, 4 species of sea turtles, and a diverse array of other marine life, including the globally significant and threatened Dugong, whale shark, and sea horses, the reserve is a paradise for nature enthusiasts and conservationists alike. Moreover, the region's rich history of over 2000 years of settled agriculture and well-established human-made water bodies adds to its unique appeal.
Rani Jhansi Marine National Park was established in 1996. The beautiful coral reef and blue lagoons are home to crocodiles and sea turtles like Olive Ridley and Leatherback and host various species of mangroves. This park is also an important habitat for the dugongs, known as sea cows. The South Button National Park is in the Andaman district and part of the Rani Jhansi Marine National Park. Established in 1987, it is the smallest national park in the country. It's best to visit this national park in the winter months. The island is reportedly a breeding ground for sea turtles and the endemic Andaman grey-rumped swiftlet. There's vast marine life in the waters here – stunning coral formations, dolphins and blue whales, dugongs and barracudas. If you're a birder, the majestic white-bellied sea eagle can also be commonly spotted on the island.
Sindhudurg, a picturesque region in Maharashtra, is enveloped by the vast expanse of the ocean, creating an ideal habitat with numerous submerged and exposed rocks that serve as a thriving substratum for a diverse range of marine life. The charming town of Malvan in Sindhudurg, characterised by its bustling jetty, a colourful array of boats, and quaint Mangalore-tiled homes, exudes a laid-back coastal charm. Notably, Malvan is home to the exclusive Malvan Marine Sanctuary, a protected area spanning 29.25 sq km, established in 1987. This sanctuary is a testament to the region's rich marine biodiversity, boasting abundant coral and aquatic life. Among its enchanting marine flora and fauna are captivating sea anemones, molluscs, polychaetes, pearl oysters, corals, seaweed, and mangroves, making it a compelling destination for nature enthusiasts and a haven for marine biodiversity.
Situated in the Gulf of Kutch, the Marine National Park was declared as a National Park and Sanctuary in August 1980. This incredible sanctuary is celebrated for its breathtaking natural beauty and is home to an astonishing diversity of coral reefs and aquatic fauna. The area falls within the intertidal zone along the coasts and islands of Jamnagar in the Gulf of Kutch. It has many habitats, including coral reefs, mangrove vegetation, and 42 islands. This unique but fragile ecosystem in the Kutch region supports fantastic marine life and biodiversity, facilitating the flourishing of 52 species of corals, seven distinct types of mangroves, and a remarkable assortment of bird species, including the painted stork, the elegant darter, the endangered whale shark, and the striking black-necked ibis. However, what truly distinguishes this marine paradise is the presence of lesser-known aquatic marvels like sea anemones, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sponges, and molluscs.
